Phong Nha National Park - Cave Kingdom
Address: Son Trach Commune - Bo Trach District - Quang Binh Province
Location: Located in Quang Binh province, Central Vietnam; geographical coordinates: 17021’12 ”to 7044’51” north latitude; 105046’33 ”to 106023’33” East longitude.
Area: 123,326 ha, including 03 subdivisions: strictly protected sub-zone (100,296 ha); ecological restoration subdivision (19,619 ha); administrative and service subdivision (3,411 ha).
The buffer zone has an area of 219,855.34 ha in 13 communes (including Dan Hoa, Hoa Son, Trung Hoa, Thuong Hoa and Trong Hoa communes of Minh Hoa district; Tan Trach, Thuong Trach, Xuan Trach, Phuc Trach and Son communes). Trach, Phu Dinh and Hung Trach belong to Bo Trach district and Truong Son commune belongs to Quang Ninh district).
Year of establishment: 2001, formerly known as Phong Nha Nature Reserve
UNESCO Rating: World Natural Heritage; criteria (viii) geology, geomorphology (2003); criteria (ix) ecosystems and (x) Biodiversity (2015).
National rank: Special National Monument (2009).
Geology - geomorphology: Karst topography occupies 2/3 of the park's area, the height is from 300 - 1,100m. This is the oldest karst tectonic in the world, showing bold marks of the history of geological development from 400 million years ago, through 4 tectonic cycles: Devon, Late Devon - Early Carbon, Carbon - Permi and Mesozoic . The special feature here is the process of karst has created unique structures such as phytokarst, turquoise, conical tower blocks, stalagmite, stone waterfall, stone basin, stalactite ...
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is a national park of Vietnam, located in Bo Trach district, and Minh Hoa, Quang Binh province, about 50 km northwest of Dong Hoi city, about Hanoi capital. 500 km to the south. The park is bordered by the Hin Namno Nature Reserve in Khammouan Province, Laos to the west, 42 km to the East Sea from the border of the two countries.
Phong Nha - Ke Bang is located in a limestone area of about 200,000 hectares in Vietnam, the territory of Laos adjacent to the national park also has a limestone area of about 200,000 hectares. The core area of the national park is 85,754 ha and a large buffer zone of 195,400 ha In August 2013, the Prime Minister decided to expand this park to 1233.26 km. This national park is set up to protect one of the two largest karst regions in the world with about 300 caves and preserve the northern Truong Son ecosystem in the North Central region of Vietnam. The features of this national park are limestone formations, 300 caves, underground rivers and rare flora and fauna in Vietnam Red Book and World Red Book. The caves here have a total length of over 80 km but British and Vietnamese cave explorers have only explored only 20 km, of which 17 km in Phong Nha area and 3 km in Ke Bang area.
In April 2009, an expedition belonging to the Royal Cave Association of England discovered and declared Son Doong cave as the largest cave in the world (over 5 km long, 200 m high, and 150 m wide. ), much bigger than Deer Cave in Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia, 4 to 5 times larger than Phong Nha. During this survey, the expedition also found many other caves. in Asia.
Phong Nha Cave
Experiencing many big changes in stratigraphy and geomorphology, the topography of this area is very complicated. Phong Nha-Ke Bang presents impressive evidence of Earth's history, helping historical researchers to understand the geological and topographical history of the region. The Phong Nha - Ke Bang area is one of the beautiful and distinctive models of complex karst formations in Southeast Asia. Uniquely recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage according to geological and geomorphic criteria in 2003, and recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage with the criteria of biodiversity and ecology on March 3. 7 2015
Origin of the name
The name of this national park is made up of two components: the name of Phong Nha cave and the name of Ke Bang limestone forest area. Phong Nha cave was previously considered to be the largest and most beautiful cave in this cave population. There are explanations that the origin of the name Phong Nha means wind (Chinese characters: Chinese characters) teeth (Chinese characters: Chinese characters) (wind blows from the cave, stalactites streak like teeth), but ideas others think that Phong Nha means the name of a nearby village, not the wind and teeth as it is often explained. According to Le Quy Don, Phong Nha is the name of a mountainous village in the past (now Phong Nha village, Son Trach commune, Bo Trach district). There is another opinion that the name Phong Nha is not derived from the meaning of the teeth and the wind, but from the images of the mountains lying in rows at regular intervals like the image of the officials standing in rows on the deck or at the villas. , people have taken the word Phong Nha in Chinese characters (the word 峰 phong means mountain peak, 衙 nha means mandarin) to name Phong Nha cave.
Phong Nha cave has other names such as Thay Tien cave, Nui Thay, Tro Trooc cave, Troi cave (Hang pagoda)
Cave discovery history.
The inscriptions on the cliffs in the ancient Cham Pa language show that Phong Nha cave was discovered by the Cham people from ancient times when this land belonged to the Kingdom of Champa.
In 1550, Duong Van An was the first to write about Phong Nha cave. Phong Nha cave was touched on one of the Nine Great Citizens' Peaks in Hue.
In 1824, Phong Nha cave was conferred by King Minh Mang as a "magical effect". In addition, the Nguyen kings "Than Hien Linh".
Terrain and features
Phong Nha - Ke Bang is compared to a huge geological museum with global value and significance because of its complex geographical structure, gathering many different types of rocks such as sandstone, quartz, schist, and stone. lime containing silicon, granite, granodiorite, diorite, aplite, pegmatite ...
Phong Nha - Ke Bang also contains a long and complex history of geological development, dating from 400 million years ago of the earth. Experiencing the important tectonic stages and phases of fault movement, coordination, and folding have created overlapping mountains and subsidence sedimentary basins. These fluctuations have also contributed to the diversity of geology, topography and geomorphology.
The Phong Nha - Ke Bang limestone area has global characteristics in many stages of development from Palaeozoic (ancient paleontology - about 400 million years ago) to the late paleontological period of the Carbon and Pecmi period (340 - 240 million years ago). ). A unique feature here is the system of underground rivers and caves in the limestone mountains.
The non-limestone geomorphology area is characterized by low mountains with vegetation cover on the surface. The erosion process creates shelves along the valleys of the Son and Chay rivers or on the banks of the central limestone massif. Transitional topography is different types of limestone karsts.
Cave system
In addition to the value of geological history, topography, geomorphology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also endowed with nature for mysterious and majestic landscapes. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park contains many mysteries of nature, caves like splendid castles in the limestone mountains created from millions of years ago.
Phong Nha - Ke Bang area has a complex of more than 300 large and small caves, marvelously dubbed the "Kingdom of caves", where many strange and fascinating things are hidden, a paradise for scientists. Learn about caves, adventurers and tourists.
To date, 20 caves with a total length of over 70 km have been systematically and thoroughly surveyed by the Royal Survey Team of Hanoi National University of Geography and have been published in Toan Magazine. Landscape and Public Opinion-48, July 1994, was rated as one of the most beautiful landscapes with the following characteristics: the most beautiful underground river, the highest and widest burrow, sandbanks and reefs. The most beautiful, the most beautiful underground lake, the largest and most beautiful dry cave, the most magnificent and magnificent stalactite system, is the longest water cave.
Entrance to Phong Nha Cave
These caves can be divided into three main systems: Phong Nha cave system, Vom cave system and Ruc Mon cave system.
The Phong Nha cave system has a total length of over 45 km, originating from the south of the Ke Bang limestone mountain. The main door of this dynamic system is Khe Ry and Hang En, located at an altitude of about 300m above sea level, finally Phong Nha Cave with a total length of about 45 km. The caves in this system are distributed in the form of branches running in the northeast - southwest direction. Include
Dark Cave: located on the upper reaches of the Son River. This cave is 5,258 m long and 83 m high, 736 m long.
Cha An cave: 667 m long and 15 m high.
Thung Cave: there is an underground river of 3351 m long.
Hang En: 1645 m long and 78.6 m high, with sand inside, which is the habitat of Swallow.
Khe Tien Cave: located south of Phong Nha, 520 m long.
Khe Ry Cave: located in the south of Phong Nha.
Khe Thi Cave.
Phong Nha cave.
The Vom cave system has a total length of over 30km, originating from Ruc Ca Roang cave, located at an altitude of 360m above sea level and ending with Vom cave. The Vom cave system is located on the axis with the general direction of south - north. Ruc Ca Roang river is hidden in rocky mountains, sometimes appears in narrow and deep valleys, finally flows into the Chay river at the mouth of Vom cave. Include:
Vom cave: 15.05 km long and 145 m high with many stalactites and beautiful stalagmites.
Dai Dai cave: 1645 m long and 28 m high.
Hang Duot: 3,927 m long and 45 m high, with fine sand.
Fish Cave: 1,500 m long and 62 m high.
Tiger Cave: 1,616 m long and 46 m high
Hang Over: 3,244 m long and 103 meters high with a width of about 30-50 m.
Pygmy Cave: 845 m long.
Ruc Caro cave: the habitat of the Arem minority. They live in caves and hunt for nature.
Ruc Mon cave system located in Minh Hoa district is also one of the big caves but has not been exploited much. Ruc Mon cave has a length of 2863m, a dome depth of 49m, in the cave has an underground river flowing through, many stalactites are evaluated as very beautiful and pristine.
Phong Nha cave (Water cave) is the most typical landscape of the cave system of Phong Nha-Ke Bang landscape complex. The total length of 7,729 meters, there are 14 caves, underground river is 13,969 meters long shimmering and the most brilliant. The cave door is about 10 meters high and 25 meters wide. From above, the stalactite dripped down like a giant dewdrop was melting ...
Tien Son Cave (Dry Cave) is located at an altitude of 200m, according to geographers, since ancient times the underground river has dried up, leaving only white stone arches and emerald green pillars. The stalactites in Phong Nha cave have spent millions of years created from karst formations, absorbed by rainwater, dissolved and flowing down from the roof of the cave to create very strange stalactites such as lions, thrones, Buddha ... Rain water continued to fall to the bottom of the cave, creating calcium and stalagmites. The stalagmites, stalagmites, stalactites, and underground rivers of all shapes are shimmering and magnificent. Phong Nha seems to be the place to converge all of the most perfect beauty of nature and the place where imagination is most sublimated.
Paradise Cave is rated by the Royal Cave Association of England as the longest dry cave in Asia, one of the most magnificent caves that the team has surveyed many caves in the world. majestic, magnificent and fanciful, making cave explorers think of a heavenly palace.
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